Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is a common yet serious oral health condition that affects the gums and supporting structures of the teeth. It begins as gingivitis, a mild inflammation of the gums, and can progress to periodontitis, where the bone and connective tissue are damaged. Left untreated, gum disease can lead to tooth loss and has even been linked to systemic health issues like heart disease and diabetes. Understanding the risk factors can help in prevention and early treatment. Here are the key contributors to gum disease.
Poor Oral Hygiene
The most significant and preventable risk factor for gum disease is inadequate oral hygiene. Failing to brush and floss regularly allows plaque, a sticky film of bacteria, to accumulate along the gumline. Over time, plaque hardens into tartar, which can only be removed by a dental professional. This buildup leads to inflammation, the first step in gum disease.
Smoking and Tobacco Use
Tobacco use is a major risk factor for gum disease. Smoking impairs blood flow to the gums, reducing the body’s ability to fight infection and heal. Smokers are significantly more likely to develop gum disease than non-smokers, and treatments are often less effective for them. Even smokeless tobacco can irritate gum tissues and contribute to the problem.
Genetics
Some individuals are genetically predisposed to gum disease. Research shows that up to 30 percent of the population may be more susceptible, regardless of how well they care for their teeth. If gum disease runs in your family, it’s especially important to stay vigilant with dental care and regular check-ups.
Chronic Illnesses
Certain systemic diseases can increase the risk of gum disease. Diabetes, for example, compromises the body’s ability to fight infection, making the gums more vulnerable. Other conditions such as heart disease, osteoporosis, and autoimmune disorders have also been linked to periodontal problems.
Medications
Some medications can impact oral health and increase the risk of gum disease. These include drugs that reduce saliva flow, such as antihistamines, antidepressants, and blood pressure medications. Saliva is crucial for washing away bacteria and neutralizing acids. Certain medications can also cause abnormal growth of gum tissue, making plaque removal more difficult.
Poor Nutrition
A diet lacking in essential nutrients can weaken the immune system and reduce the body’s ability to combat infection. Deficiencies in vitamin C and other antioxidants can contribute to the inflammation of gum tissues and slow the healing process.
Stress
Chronic stress can weaken the immune system and increase susceptibility to infection, including periodontal disease. Stress may also lead to habits like teeth grinding, which can damage the supporting tissues of the teeth.
While some risk factors for gum disease are beyond your control, many are manageable with lifestyle changes and proper dental care. Brushing twice daily, flossing, regular dental visits, and avoiding tobacco can significantly reduce your risk. Understanding these risk factors is the first step toward protecting your oral and overall health.
About the Practice
Bell Dental can save your smile if you’ve developed gum disease. Our treatments include scaling and root planing, antibiotic therapy, and laser gum treatment. If you’re in the early stages and want to manage symptoms, swing in for a professional cleaning and checkup. Schedule your appointment with us today online or give our Louisville office a call at (502) 749-2355.